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Cresswell Crags
This lovely gorge on the Nottingham Derbyshire border, splits the low ridge of magnesian limestone that runs, to the east of the higher and older carboniferous limestone of the Pennines, from Nottingham to the Tees. Between the two lie the coal measures. Cresswell Crag limestone was formed in the Permian period about 250 million years ago when a warm shallow landlocked sea, the Zechstein Sea, extended from North East England to Poland. It can be traced far under the present North Sea. The rock was formed from minerals precipitated when the shallow waters evaporated and from the coral reefs and shellfish that lived in the sea. It contains fossils.
The stream in the valley floor was dammed at the eastern end at least 200 years ago to power a watermill. Nothing now remains apart from a few stone walls around the lake outflow sluices, although the mill was painted by George Stubbs (1724 -1806).
The valley is famous now as the site of the earliest humans in Britain. Recent cave art discoveries have been dated at 12,000 years ago.
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